UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)
beginnerDefinition
The single world reference clock, which never shifts for daylight saving time, so computers often store times in UTC and convert them to each person's local time for display.
In the wild
An order placed at 9:00pm on March 3 in New York is stored as 02:00 UTC on March 4, which is why a report grouped by UTC date can put it on the "wrong" day.
More from Data & Transformation
Aggregation
Boiling many individual values down into one summary number, such as a total, an average, or a count.
Data Pipeline
A pipeline built specifically to move data: it pulls information from one place, cleans it up, and saves it somewhere else, usually on a schedule (often called ETL, for extract, transform, load).
Deduplication
Removing repeated copies of the same record so each one appears only once.
ISO 8601 Date Format
The international standard way to write dates and times with the year first, so `2026-03-04` always means March 4, 2026.
Normalization
Organizing a database so each fact is stored in exactly one place, and other records point to it instead of repeating it.
Null Value
A special marker that means "no value at all here," which is different from zero or a blank.